learning VB Script for QTP

Learning VBScript for QTP

We can learn the VBScript without QTP also. You need Notepad and command prompt on your system and follow below steps:

1. Create a notepad file.
2. Write a small VBScript in the notepad file.

e.g.

Option Explicit
Dim myResponse
myResponse = MsgBox(“Do you wish to quit?”, 1, “What do you wish to do?”)

1. Save the above Notepad file as Test.vbs.
2. Run above file from the command prompt using CScript.exe.
3. C:\>CScript.exe Test.vbs
4. You will be getting the result of your script.

Descriptive programming in QTP
Whenever QTP records any action on any object of an application, it adds some description on how to recognize that object to a repository of objects called object repository. QTP cannot take action on an object until unless its object description is in the Object Repository. But descriptive programming provides a way to perform action on objects which are not in Object repository

Object Identification:
To identify an object during the play back of the scripts QTP stores some properties which helps QTP to uniquely identify the object on a page. Below screen shots shows an example Object repository:Now to recognize a radio button on a page QTP had added 2 properties the name of the radio button and the html tag for it. The name the left tree view is the logical name given by QTP for the object. This can be changed as per the convenience of the person writing the test case. QTP only allows UNIQUE logical name under same level of hierarchy. As we see in the snapshot the two objects in Browser->Page node are “WebTable” and “testPath”, they cannot have the same logical name. But an object under some other node can have the same name. Now with the current repository that we have, we can only write operation on objects which are in the repository. Some of the example operations are given below

Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebRadioGroup (“testPath”).Select “2″
cellData = Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebTable (“WebTable”).GetCellData (1,1)
Browser(“Example2″).Page(“Page”).WebEdit(“testPath”).Set “Test text” When and

Why to use Descriptive programming?
Below are some of the situations when Descriptive Programming can be considered useful:
The objects in the application are dynamic in nature and need special handling to identify the object. The best example would be of clicking a link which changes according to the user of the application, Ex. “Logout <>”.
When object repository is getting huge due to the no. of objects being added. If the size of Object repository increases too much then it decreases the performance of QTP while recognizing a object.
When you don’t want to use object repository at all. Well the first question would be why not Object repository? Consider the following scenario which would help understand why not Object repository

Scenario 1: Suppose we have a web application that has not been developed yet. Now QTP for recording the script and adding the objects to repository needs the application to be up, that would mean waiting for the application to be deployed before we can start of with making QTP scripts. But if we know the descriptions of the objects that will be created then we can still start off with the script writing for testing

Scenario 2: Suppose an application has 3 navigation buttons on each and every page. Let the buttons be “Cancel”, “Back” and “Next”. Now recording action on these buttons would add 3 objects per page in the repository. For a 10 page flow this would mean 30 objects which could have been represented just by using 3 objects. So instead of adding these 30 objects to the repository we can just write 3 descriptions for the object and use it on any page.Modification to a test case is needed but the Object repository for the same is Read only or in shared mode i.e. changes may affect other scripts as well.
When you want to take action on similar type of object i.e. suppose we have 20 textboxes on the page and there names are in the form txt_1, txt_2, txt_3 and so on. Now adding all 20 the Object repository would not be a good programming approach.

How to use Descriptive programming?

There are two ways in which descriptive programming can be used
By creating properties collection object for the description.
By giving the description in form of the string arguments.By creating properties collection object for the description.To use this method you need first to create an empty description

Dim obj_Desc ‘Not necessary to declare
Set obj_Desc = Description.Create

Now we have a blank description in “obj_Desc”. Each description has 3 properties “Name”, “Value” and “Regular Expression”.

obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”

When you use a property name for the first time the property is added to the collection and when you use it again the property is modified. By default each property that is defined is a regular expression. Suppose if we have the following description

obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT
” obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt.*”

This would mean an object with html tag as INPUT and name starting with txt. Now actually that “.*” was considered as regular expression. So, if you want the property “name” not to be recognized as a regular expression then you need to set the “regularexpression” property as FALSE

obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”
obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt.*”
obj_Desc(“name”).regularexpression= “txt.*”

This is how of we create a description. Now below is the way we can use it

Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebEdit(obj_Desc).set “Test”

When we say .WebEdit(obj_Desc) we define one more property for our description that was not earlier defined that is it’s a text box (because QTPs WebEdit boxes map to text boxes in a web page).If we know that we have more than 1 element with same description on the page then we must define “index” property for the that descriptionConsider the HTML code given below

Now the html code has two objects with same description. So distinguish between these 2 objects we will use the “index” property. Here is the description for both the object

For 1st textbox:
obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”
obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt_Name
” obj_Desc(“index”).value= “0”

For 2nd textbox:
obj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”
obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt_Name”
obj_Desc(“index”).value= “1”

Consider the HTML Code given below:

We can use the same description for both the objects and still distinguish between both of themobj_Desc(“html tag”).value= “INPUT”
obj_Desc(“name”).value= “txt_Name”

When I want to refer to the textbox then I will use the inside a WebEdit object and to refer to the radio button I will use the description object with the WebRadioGroup object.Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebEdit(obj_Desc).set “Test” ‘Refers to the text box
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).WebRadioGroup(obj_Desc).set “Test” ‘Refers to the radio button

But if we use WebElement object for the description then we must define the “index” property because for a webelement the current description would return two objects.

Hierarchy of test description:
When using programmatic descriptions from a specific point within a test object hierarchy, you must continue to use programmatic descriptions from that point onward within the same statement. If you specify a test object by its object repository name after other objects in the hierarchy have been described using programmatic descriptions, QuickTest cannot identify the object.For example, you can useBrowser(Desc1).Page(Desc1).Link(desc3), since it uses programmatic descriptions throughout the entire test object hierarchy. You can also useBrowser(“Index”).Page(Desc1).Link(desc3), since it uses programmatic descriptions from a certain point in the description (starting from the Page object description).However, you cannot use Browser(Desc1).Page(Desc1).Link(“Example1″), since it uses programmatic descriptions for the Browser and Page objects but then attempts to use an object repository name for the Link test object (QuickTest tries to locate the Link object based on its name, but cannot locate it in the repository because the parent objects were specified using programmatic descriptions).Getting Child Object:
We can use description object to get all the objects on the page that matches that specific description. Suppose we have to check all the checkboxes present on a web page. So we will first create an object description for a checkboxe and then get all the checkboxes from the pageDim obj_ChkDesc
Set obj_ChkDesc=Description.Create
obj_ChkDesc(“html tag”).value = “INPUT”
obj_ChkDesc(“type”).value = “checkbox”

Dim allCheckboxes, singleCheckBox
Set allCheckboxes = Browse(“Browser”).Page(“Page”).ChildObjects(obj_ChkDesc)
For each singleCheckBox in allCheckboxessingleCheckBox.Set “ON”

Next
The above code will check all the check boxes present on the page. To get all the child objects we need to specify an object description i.e. we can’t use the string arguments that will be discussed later in the 2nd way of using the programming description.Possible Operation on Description Object Consider the below code for all the solutions
Dim obj_ChkDesc Set obj_ChkDesc=Description.Create
obj_ChkDesc(“html tag”).value = “INPUT”
obj_ChkDesc(“type”).value = “checkbox”

Procedures Fundamentals for VB Script for QTP

Procedures Fundamentals Introduction A procedure is an assignment you ask VBScript to perform besides, or to complete, the normal flow of the program. A procedure is created to work in conjunction with the controls events of a script. There are two kinds of procedures in VBScript: A sub procedure and a function. The difference lies on their behaviors but their coding (programming) depends of your goal. A procedure can be included in the body of an HTML but to separate the script behavior from the rest of the file, it is usually a good idea to include the procedures in the head section of the file. So far, we were not using all parts of a regular HTML file because there was no need for such a structure. From now on, we will respect the normal listing of an HTML file as follows: This is the body of our HTML file. Everything you know about HTML files, their contents and sections, is completely valid here, whether you include a script or not. When adding a script, you can use the head section to "hide" the script (actually, you are not strictly hiding it). As you may know already, there can be various things (such as the This is the body of our HTML file.

Sub Procedures

A sub procedure is a section of code that carries an assignment but doesn't give back a result. To create a sub procedure, start the section of code with the Sub keyword followed by a name for the sub procedure. To differentiate the name of the sub procedure with any other regular name, it must be followed by an opening and closing parentheses. The section of the sub procedure code closes with End Sub as follows: Sub ShowMeTheDough() End Sub The name of a sub procedure should follow the same rules we reviewed for the the variables, omitting the prefix: If the sub procedure performs an action that can be represented with a verb, you can use that verb to name it. Here are examples: show, display To make the name of a sub procedure stand, you should start it in uppercase. Examples are Show, Play, Dispose, Close You should use explicit names that identify the purpose of the sub procedure. If a procedure would be used as a result of another procedure or a control's event, reflect it on the name of the sub procedure. Examples would be: afterupdate, longbefore. If the name of a procedure is a combination of words, start each word in uppercase. Examples are: AfterUpdate, SayItLoud In the following example, a sub procedure named DisplayFullName is created. It retrieves fields of two text boxes (first name and last name) on a form and displays a full name as a result of combining them: Sub DisplayFullName() FullName = FirstName & " " & LastName End Sub As mentioned already, you can declare variables for use in your program. In the same way, you can declare variables in the procedure if you need to. These variables are declared and dealt with in the same way we learned in the regular script sections. Using declared variables, the above procedure can be written as follows:

Sub DisplayFullName() Dim FirstName, LastName Dim FullName FullName = FirstName & " " & LastName End Sub

Calling a Procedure

After creating a procedure, you can call it from another procedure, function, or control's event in the body section of an HTML file. To call a simple procedure such as the earlier DisplayFullName, you can just write the name of the sub procedure. In the following example, the above DisplayFullName sub procedure is called when the user clicks the Detail section of the form: Sub Detailer() DisplayFullName End Sub If you want the procedure to be accessed immediately as soon as the page displays, you can assign its name to the onLoad() event of the body tag.

Arguments

Passing an Argument

To carry an assignment, sometimes a procedure needs one or more values to work on. If a procedure needs a variable, such a variable is called an argument. Another procedure might need more that one argument, thus many arguments. The number and types of arguments of a procedure depends on various factors. If you are writing your own procedure, then you will decide how many arguments your procedure would need. You also decide on the type of the argument(s). For a procedure that is taking one argument, in the parentheses of the procedure, write a name for the argument. Here is an example: Sub CalculateArea(Radius) Dim dblPI Dim dblArea dblPI = 3.14159 dblArea = Radius * Radius * dblPI End Sub A procedure can take more than one argument. If you are creating such a procedure, between the parentheses of the procedure, write the name of the first argument followed by a comma; add the second argument and subsequent arguments and close the parentheses. There is no relationship between the arguments; for example, they can be of the same type: Sub CalculatePerimeter(Length, Height) Dim dblPerimeter dblPerimeter = 2 * (Length + Height) End Sub The arguments of your procedure can also be as varied as you need them to be. Here is an example: Sub DisplayGreetings(strFullName, intAge) Dim Sentence Sentence = "Hi, " & strFullName & ". You are " & intAge & " years old" End Sub

Calling an Argumentative Procedure

We saw already how to call a procedure that doesn't take any argument. Actually, there are various ways you can call a sub procedure. As we saw already, if a sub procedure doesn't take an argument, to call it, you can just write its name. If a sub procedure is taking an argument, to call it, type the name of the sub procedure followed by the name of the argument. If the sub procedure is taking more than one argument, to call it, type the name of the procedure followed by the name of the argument, in the exact order they are passed to the sub procedure, separated by a comma. Here is an example: Sub Result() Dim dblHours, dblSalary CalcAndShowSalary dblHours, dblSalary End Sub Sub CalcAndShowSalary(Hours, Salary) Dim dblResult dblResult = Hours * Salary txtResult = dblResult End Sub Alternatively, you can use the keyword Call to call a sub procedure. In this case, when calling a procedure using Call, you must include the argument(s) between the parentheses. using Call, the above procedure could call the CalcAndShowSalary as follows: Sub Result() Dim dblHours As Double Dim dblSalary As Double dblHours = txtHours dblSalary = txtSalary Call CalcAndShowSalary(dblHours, dblSalary) End Sub

Functions

Creating a Function

A function is an assignment that a piece of code can take care for the functionality of a database. The main difference between a sub procedure and a function procedure is that a function can return a value. A function is created like a sub procedure with a few more rules. The creation of function starts with the Function keyword and closes with End Function. Here is an example: Function FindFullName() End Function The name of the function follows the same rules and suggestions we have reviewed for the sub procedures. To implement a function, remember that it is supposed to return a value. In the body of the function, describe what it is supposed to do. to return the right value, assign the desired value to the name of the function. Here is an example: Function CalculateArea(Radius) CalculateArea = Radius * Radius * 3.14159 End Function A function can also be as complex as performing many and various expressions in order to get a value that can be assigned to the name of the function.

Calling a Function

To call a function, you have two main alternatives. If you want to use the return value of a function in an event or another function, assign the name of the function to the appropriate local variable. Make sure you include the argument(s) of the function between parentheses.